Hollow Fiber Membrane for Medical

• Ultrafiltration rate

• Dialyzer

Haemodialysis equipment includes haemodialysis machines, water treatment and dialyzers, which together form the haemodialysis system.

Dialyzer Also known as an "artificial kidney", it consists of a hollow fiber made of a chemical material, and each hollow fiber is covered with numerous small holes. During dialysis, the blood flows through the hollow fibers while the dialysate flows through the hollow fibers in the opposite direction. Some small molecules of solutes and water in the dialysate are exchanged through the small holes in the hollow fibers, with the end result that the uremic toxins and some electrolytes and excess water in the blood are removed from the dialysate, and some bicarbonate and electrolytes in the dialysate enter the blood. This results in the removal of toxins, water, maintenance of acid-base balance and stability of the internal environment.

• The purpose of hemodialysis is to replace some of the functions lost in renal failure, such as removing metabolic waste and regulating water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The basic principles are dispersion, osmosis, convection and ultrafiltration. The exchange of solute and water during dialysis constitutes the theoretical basis for removing toxins, removing water and supplementing necessary substances during hemodialysis. Small molecular substances in the blood of uremia patients, such as creatinine, urea nitrogen, potassium, etc., diffuse into the dialysate, and the ionic sodium, chloride and other ions in the dialysate are the same as those in the blood. Bases, calcium ions, etc. are diffused into the blood, so as to achieve the purpose of removing toxins, correcting electrolyte imbalance and acidosis. The principle of ultrapure water for hemodialysis is to use a dialysis membrane, which is a semi-permeable membrane. Through the relative flow of blood and dialysate on the inner and outer sides of the dialysis membrane, the solutes move from the high concentration side to the low concentration one according to the concentration gradient difference. The process of lateral transport, called diffusion; the result of diffusion is that the concentration of solutes on both sides of the semipermeable membrane reaches equilibrium. If a negative pressure is applied on the side of the semipermeable membrane to increase the transmembrane pressure, the water can be moved from the side with high pressure to the side with low pressure, which is called ultrafiltration. At the same time, some solutes also move with the water, which is called convection.